BDO, inozivikanwawo se1,4-butanediol, chinhu chakakosha chemakemikari epakutanga uye akanaka. BDO inogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza nenzira yeacetylene aldehyde, nzira ye maleic anhydride, nzira ye propylene alcohol, uye nzira ye butadiene. Nzira ye acetylene aldehyde ndiyo nzira huru yeindasitiri yekugadzira BDO nekuda kwemitengo yayo uye mabhenefiti ayo ekugadzirisa. Acetylene ne formaldehyde zvinotanga zvabatanidzwa kuti zvigadzire 1,4-butynediol (BYD), iyo inowedzerwa hydrogenated kuti iwane BDO.
Kana paine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (13.8~27.6 MPa) uye mamiriro e250~350 ℃, acetylene inopindirana ne formaldehyde kana paine catalyst (kazhinji acetylene yakakora uye bismuth iri pakutsigira silica), uye ipapo 1,4-butynediol inosanganiswa nehydrogenated kuita BDO uchishandisa Raney nickel catalyst. Hunhu hwenzira yekare ndeyekuti catalyst nechigadzirwa hazvidi kuparadzaniswa, uye mutengo wekushanda wakaderera. Zvisinei, acetylene ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye njodzi yekuputika. Chinhu chekuchengetedza chedhizaini yereactor chakakwira ka12-20, uye michina yakakura uye inodhura, zvichikonzera mari yakawanda; Acetylene icha polymerized kugadzira polyacetylene, iyo inodzima catalyst uye inovhara pombi, zvichikonzera kupfupika kwekugadzirwa uye kuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa.
Mukupindura kune zvikanganiso nezvikanganiso zvenzira dzechinyakare, michina yereaction uye catalysts yereaction system yakagadziriswa kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwechikamu cheacetylene mureaction system. Nzira iyi yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munyika nekunze kwenyika. Panguva imwe chete, kugadzirwa kweBYD kunoitwa uchishandisa sludge bed kana suspended bed. Nzira yeacetylene aldehyde BYD hydrogenation inogadzira BDO, uye parizvino maitiro eISP neINVISTA ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa muChina.
① Kugadzirwa kwebutynediol kubva kuacetylene neformaldehyde uchishandisa copper carbonate catalyst
Kana ikashandiswa pachikamu chemakemikari cheacetylene chemaitiro eBDO muINVIDIA, formaldehyde inopindirana neacetylene kugadzira 1,4-butynediol pasi pechiito checopper carbonate catalyst. Tembiricha yekuita ndeye 83-94 ℃, uye kumanikidzwa ndeye 25-40 kPa. Catalyst ine chitarisiko chehupfu hwegirini.
② Chinosimudzira hydrogenation yebutynediol kuita BDO
Chikamu chehydrogenation chemaitiro acho chine ma reactor maviri ane pressure fixed bed reactor akabatanidzwa mu sequence, ne99% ye hydrogenation reactions inopedzwa mu reactor yekutanga. Hydrogenation catalysts yekutanga neyechipiri i activated nickel alloys.
Mubhedha wakagadziriswa Renee nickel ibhuroko re aruminiyamu rine nickel rine saizi yezvikamu zvinotangira pa 2-10mm, simba rayo guru, rinoramba kushandiswa zvakanaka, nzvimbo yakakura chaiyo, kugadzikana kuri nani kwe catalyst, uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
Zvidimbu zveRaney nickel zvinova zvichena zvakaita segrey, uye mushure mekusanganiswa kwealkali leaching yemvura, zvinova zvidimbu zvitema kana zvitema zvegrey, zvinonyanya kushandiswa muma "fixed bed reactors".
① Chinosimudzira kuumbwa kwebutynediol kubva kuacetylene neformaldehyde chinotsigira mhangura.
Pasi pekushanda kwe copper bismuth catalyst inotsigirwa, formaldehyde inosangana neacetylene kugadzira 1,4-butynediol, patembiricha ye reaction ye92-100 ℃ uye kumanikidzwa kwe85-106 kPa. Catalyst inoonekwa sehupfu hutema.
② Chinosimudzira hydrogenation yebutynediol kuita BDO
Maitiro eISP anoshandisa matanho maviri ehydrogenation. Danho rekutanga kushandisa nickel powdered alloy se catalyst, uye hydrogenation ine low-pressure inoshandura BYD kuita BED neBDO. Mushure mekupatsanurwa, danho rechipiri ihydrogenation ine high-pressure ichishandisa loaded nickel se catalyst kushandura BED kuita BDO.
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira kugadzira hydrogenation: hupfu hweRaney nickel
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira kugadzira hydrogenation: Powder Raney nickel catalyst. Chinhu ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchikamu chehydrogenation chine simba shoma cheISP process, pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zveBDO. Chine hunhu hwekushanda kwakanyanya, kusarudza zvakanaka, kuchinja kwekuchinja, uye kumhanya kwekugadzikana nekukurumidza. Zvikamu zvikuru i nickel, aluminium, uye molybdenum.
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira pakugadzira hydrogenation: hupfu hwenickel aruminiyamu alloy hydrogenation catalyst
Chinhu chinopa simba chinoda kushanda nesimba, simba guru, mwero wekuchinja we1,4-butynediol, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvishoma.
Chikamu chehydrogenation chinowedzera simba
I catalyst inotsigirwa ine alumina semutakuri uye nickel nemhangura sezvinhu zvinoshanda. Mamiriro akaderera anochengetwa mumvura. Catalyst ine simba guru remuchina, kurasikirwa kushoma kwekukweshana, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, uye iri nyore kushandisa. Zvidimbu zvitema zvakaita se clover zvinotaridzika.
Nyaya dzeKushandiswa kweCatalysts
Inoshandiswa pakugadzira BDO kuburikidza ne catalyst hydrogenation, inoiswa paBDO unit ine simba rematani 100000. Maseti maviri ema fixed bed reactors ari kushanda panguva imwe chete, rimwe rinonzi JHG-20308, uye rimwe racho rinonzi catalyst inounzwa kunze kwenyika.
Kuongorora: Panguva yekuongorora hupfu hwakatsetseka, zvakaonekwa kuti JHG-20308 fixed bed catalyst yaigadzira hupfu hwakatsetseka hushoma pane catalyst yaitengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Kushanda: Catalyst Kushanda Mhedziso: Mamiriro ekushanda ema catalyst maviri akafanana. Kubva padata, chiyero che dealumination, musiyano wekupisa kwekupinda nekunze, uye activation reaction heat release ye alloy padanho rega rega rekushanda zvinoenderana.
Tembiricha: Tembiricha yeJHG-20308 catalyst haina kusiyana zvakanyanya neyecatalyst inounzwa kunze kwenyika, asi zvichienderana nematanho ekuyera tembiricha, JHG-20308 catalyst ine basa riri nani pane catalyst inounzwa kunze kwenyika.
Kusachena: Kubva padata rekuona kweBDO crude solution pakutanga kwekuita, JHG-20308 ine kusvibiswa kushoma muzvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvichienzaniswa nezvinokonzeresa zvinhu zvinounzwa kunze kwenyika, zvinonyanya kuratidzwa muhuwandu hwe n-butanol neHBA.
Zvose, mashandiro eJHG-20308 catalyst akagadzikana, pasina zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zviri pachena, uye mashandiro ayo akafanana kana kuti ari nani kupfuura emacatalyst anounzwa kunze kwenyika.
Maitiro ekugadzira mubhedha wakatarwa nickel aruminiyamu catalyst
(1) Kunyungudutsa: Nickel alloy yealuminium inonyunguduka pakupisa kwakanyanya yobva yagadzirwa.
(2) Kupwanya: Mabhuroko esimbi anopwanywa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki kuburikidza nemidziyo yekupwanya.
(3) Kuongorora: Kuongorora zvidimbu zvine saizi yakakodzera yezvidimbu.
(4) Kushanda: Dzora huwandu hwakati uye mwero wekuyerera kwealkali yemvura kuti ushande zvidimbu zviri munhare yekuita.
(5) Zviratidzo zvekuongorora: huwandu hwesimbi, kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvidimbu, simba rekupwanya rinomanikidzwa, huwandu hwakawanda, nezvimwewo.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-11-2023
